§ 複合形容詞仍二個獨立的字所組成，中間通常加有連字號
(-)。
1. 由分詞構成的複合形容詞
共分下列幾類︰
副詞 + 過去分詞︰
其關係相當於形容詞子句的動詞與副詞。
a well-behaved girl = a girl who behaves well（行為良好的女孩）
a much-praised man= a man who is praised much（備受稱讚的人）
形容詞 + 過去分詞︰
其關係相當於形容詞子句的動詞與補語。
a ready-made dress= a dress which is made ready（成衣）
a high-born child= a child who was born high（出身高貴的小孩）
※補充
有時過去分詞前面加形容詞的複合形容詞和此過去分詞用
副詞修飾的意義一樣。
a newly-laid egg﹦a newly laid egg（剛下的蛋）
名詞 + 過去分詞︰
其關係相當於形容詞子句的主詞與動詞。
a heart-broken man = a man whose heart is broken
（傷心的男子）
a thunder-struck face = a face which thunder struck
（一副驚慌失措的面孔 ）
副詞 + （不及物動詞的）現在分詞︰
a far-reaching plan（遠大的計畫）
an on-coming truck （正開過來的貨車。）
a weak- sound heart = a heart that sounds weak
（跳動微弱的心臟。）
a nice-looking girl = a girl that is nice looking.
（漂亮的女孩）
名詞 + 現在分詞︰
其關係相當於形容詞子句的動詞與受詞。
a man-eating tiger = a tiger which eats man
（食人虎）
a heart-rending sight = a sight which rends one's heart
（令人悲痛的景象）
在名詞字尾加 ed 變成形容詞，此種形容詞叫擬似分詞，
表名詞「具有…」的意思。
a hard-hearted man = a man with a hard heart
(鐵石心腸的人)
a open-minded man = a man with a open mind
(心胸開放的人)
a loose-tongued man = a man with a loose tongue
（多嘴、說話不謹慎的人）
a smooth-tongued man = a man with a smooth tongue
（油嘴滑舌的; 甜言蜜語的人）
2. 由基數詞和名詞構成用以表示時間、度量
如下列例子︰
ten-year-old (10歲的)
three-meter (3公尺的)
fifteen-minute (15分鐘的)
seven-foot (7呎的)
fifty-kilo (50公斤的) 等。
〔比較〕He is ten years old.（他10歲了。）
He is a ten-year-old boy.（他是個10歲的男孩。）
＜當 ten years old 變為複合形容詞時，名詞部份 year 不得有
複數形，均為單數形。＞
〔比較〕The hole is nine feet deep.（洞的深度為9呎。）
They found a nine-foot hole there.
（他們在那裡找到一個9呎深的洞。）
＜當 nine feet 變為複合形容詞時，名詞部份 feet 不得用複數
形，要用單數形 foot。＞
※補充
序數詞可用於複合形容詞中，
如：second-hand (第二手的 eighteenth-century (十八世紀的)
seventh-floor (第七層樓的)。
〔比較〕We live in a seventh-floor flat and it's a ten-floor building.
（我們住在第七層樓高的公寓，這棟樓樓高十層。）
＜seventh-floor 為序數詞 seventh 組成，故解釋為「第七層
樓」，ten-floor 為基數詞 ten 組成，故解釋為「十層樓
高的」。＞
3. 其他的複合形容詞：
例如： self-conscious (自覺的 )、tax-free (免稅的)、water-resistant
(防水的)等。許多的複合形容詞是由 well 和 badly 組成，
如與 -behaved, -built, -paid, -done等。ill 和 poorly 也可和一
些過去分詞合成為複合形容詞，如：-paid, -informed,
-educated, -advised。
Eric was ill-educated, so he was not self-confident.
（艾瑞克並未受很高的教育，所以他很沒自信。）
I prefer a well-done steak.
（我比較喜歡全熟的牛排。）
EX:
Rafael Nadal plays tennis with his left hand. He is a [No answer] left-handed player.
2. This story never ends, it is a [No answer] never-ending story.
3. Naomi Campbell. A successful model must have long legs, models are [No answer] long-legged women.
4. My mother makes all my clothes by hand. I wear [No answer] hand-made dresses.
5People know this writer very well, he is a [No answer] well-known writer.
6. Look at those strange clouds, they are as red as blood! They are [No answer] blood-red clouds.
7. My nephew Stuart is a serious boy. He works hard, he is a [No answer] hard-working student.
8. This cottage is covered with snow, it's a [No answer] snow-covered house.
2. the following
the following當主詞，動詞視其後所接名詞之單複數而定，要看the following所代替的是複數還是單數名詞
例如：
The following is your Account Information :
==>the following代替不單數的information
The following are my suggestions for you:
==>the following代替不複數的suggestions
3. devote to把...献给; 把...专用于
devote oneself to 致力于, 献身于; 专心于
He devoted his life to literature.
他专心致志于文学。
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。
We should devote ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.
我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职责。
He devoted a great sum of money to books.
他们花了一大笔钱买书。
3. Amount 通常跟不可數 (uncountable)、無生命 (inanimate) 的名詞連用
The amount of work I got through in September was double the amount that I did in August. (我九月份的工作量是八月份的兩倍)
She spent a very large amount of money yesterday. (她昨天花了好大一筆錢)
Number 跟可數 (countable)、有生命 (animate) 或無生命 (inanimate) 的名詞連用
A small number of chickens were infected with the H5N1 strain of the bird flu. (少數雞隻感染了禽流感 H5N1 病毒)
The president has made a large number of mistakes. (總統犯了許多錯誤)
4. 關係代名詞、關係副詞之基本介紹
當我們無法以一個簡單的英文形容詞來描述一個名詞時，就需要使用「關係代名詞」引導一個形容詞子句，放在這個名詞的後面，來修飾它，此形容詞子句就叫「關係子句」，而這個被修飾的名詞，稱為「先行詞」。以下就來簡單介紹關係代名詞、關係副詞的用法。
關係代名詞
先行詞 主格 受格 所有格 補語
人 who whom whose
事物，動物 which which whose
人和動物，人，事物，動物 that that
無 what what what
關係副詞
關係副詞 ＝ 介系詞 ＋關係代名詞
先行詞 關係副詞
地方 where
時間 when
理由 why
方式 how
三、練習題：
1. That woman _____ has a sweet smile is my sister.
2. The kid and his cat ______ are in the garden are cute.
3. That white dog _____ eyes are big and round is Jay’s pet.
4. That is the house in_____ they live .
5. _____ is beautiful is not always useful.
6. Tell me _____ you did it. ＝ Tell me the way in which you did it.
7. The man _____ we met is my classmate
8. Sunday is the day _____ he goes to church.
9. That is the river _____ we swam in our childhood.
10.This is the reason _____ she cannot come.
Answer: 1). who 2). that 3). whose 4). which 5). What 6). how 7). whom 8). when 9). where 10). why
關係副詞、複合關係代名詞
關係副詞是一個多年來大考幾乎年年都考的概念！介係詞加上關係代名詞若是表示時間、地方、方法與原因時，就可以代換成關係副詞when、where、how、why。
關係副詞 :
ex : Before that, he lived in a small village _________ he was born.
(A) where (B) when (C) at which (D) what
關係副詞是一個多年來大考幾乎年年都考的概念！介係詞加上關係代名詞若是表示時間、地方、方法與原因時，就可以代換成關係副詞when、where、how、why。本題原本要填的東西應該是 in which，此時就可以代換成指地方的關係副詞 where。所以，本題的答案當然就是(A) where。
※文法焦點：「關係副詞」where, when, how, why
(1) where 為表「地方」的關係副詞, 可代換成 in ( on , at ) which。
ex : Before that, he lived in a small village in which he was born. = Before that, he lived in a small village where he was born.
ex : Mary walks into the living room where John is watching TV.
(2) when 為表「時間」的關係副詞, 可代換成 in ( on , at ) which。
ex : I still remember the day on which he arrived. = I still remember the day when he arrived. = I still remember when he arrived.
ex : I remember the time when we went shopping by bicycle.
ex : Ice cream came from the East at the time when Marco Polo saw people eating it there.
(3) how 為表「方法」的關係副詞, 可代換成 in which, 通常 how 不與先行詞the way一起使用，但可用 that 。
ex : He tried to find out the way in which his best friend, John, learned English well. = He tried to find out the way that his best friend, John, learned English well. = He tried to find out how his best friend, John, learned English well.
(4) why 為表「原因」的關係副詞，可代換成 for which 。
ex : Would you please tell me the reason for which you didn’t attend my wedding? = Would you please tell me the reason why you didn’t attend my wedding? = Would you please tell me why you didn’t attend my wedding?
複合關係代名詞 :
ex : He didn’t mean ________ he said.
(A) what (B) that (C) which (D) X
關係代名詞的前面不是應該有一個名詞來當作先行詞的嗎？怎麼這一題沒有呢？所以啊，這是一球變化球啦！關代 which可以跟前面的先行詞 the thing(s) 結合在一起，形成所謂的複合關代。所以，本題的答案當然就是(A) what。
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Example One: I suspect that Mary killed her husband. (我懷疑Mary殺害了她的丈夫。)
以上一句是suspect + THAT + complete sentence。
接下來的一句是suspect + noun phrase
Example Two: Teachers should call social services if they suspect child abuse. (adapted from Macmillan Dictionary)
(老師如懷疑有虐待兒童個案，應尋求社工跟進。)
最後再介紹多一個suspect的常見用法：suspect + sb + OF + noun phrase / gerund
Example Three: I suspect Mary of murder.
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Lastly, dummy "It" requires a sentential subject. That's a subject followed by a verb:
It is important that we study French.
That we study French is important.
These days, though, speakers are using dummy "It" with non-sentential or covert subjects:
It is important to study French.
To study French is important.
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