Samin B1 Sentences
Relative clause
Relative adverb
Relative pronouns
2. ◎何謂關係代名詞、形容詞子句 1.關係代名詞具有連接詞及代名詞的功能2.先行詞是被形容詞子句修飾的名詞，放在子句前3.形容詞子句是由關係代名詞所引導的子句,具形容詞性質，用以修飾先行詞，又稱關係子句
◎先行詞+關係子句( 關係代名詞+ ….. )
1.三明治式句型( 關係子句在主要子句中 )：
先行詞( 主要子句主詞 )+關係子句( 關係代名詞+ … ) + be/V. ( 主要子句動詞 ) + …
ex: The man who came yesterday was happy.
2.彗星式句型( 關係子句在主要子句後 )：
主要子句主詞+ be/V. ( 主要子句動詞 ) +先行詞( 主要子句受詞 )+關係子句( 關係代名詞+ … )
ex:Here is a magazine which develops your mind.
◎關係代名詞種類 ( 主格/ 受格/ 所有格) 註：x 代表可省略，受格通常可省略。
關 代 格先行詞 主 格 受 格 所 有 格
人 who/that whom /that/ who / x whose
物. which/that which/that / x whose(of which)
人+物 that that / x whose
◎關係代名詞的格決定於：
1. 先行詞 + 主格關係代名詞 + be/V. + …
※重點說明：主格後面的be/V.的單複數決定於先行詞
ex: The girls who〈that〉are dancing will leave here tomorrow.
2. 先行詞 +受格關係代名詞 + 主詞 + be/V.〈+介係詞〉
※重點說明〈1〉：受格關係代名詞原本位置在be/V.或介係詞之後，但因關係代名詞必須放在
關係子句最前面，因此受格關係代名詞才被移到前面。
ex: The girl whom〈that/ who / x〉you talked to is my sister.
※重點說明〈2〉：介係詞可移到受格關係代名詞之前
→先行詞 +介係詞+受格關係代名詞 + 主詞 + be/V.〈受格關代不可省略或用that代替〉
ex:The girl to whom you talk is my sister.
3. 先行詞 +所有格關係代名詞 + 名詞 + be/V. + …
※重點說明：所有格關係代名詞 + 名詞是關係子句的主詞 〈務必了解句意，判斷清楚〉
ex: The cat whose color is black is very cute.
◎注意事項： 1.關係代名詞當受格用可省略，餘不可省略 2.受格關係代名詞whom可用who或that代替 ex: The girl whom you talk to is my sister. = The girl who you talk to is my sister. = The girl that you talk to is my sister. = The girl you talk to is my sister. = The girl to whom you talk is my sister.
◎關係代名詞that的特殊用法(一定要用that) 1.先行詞前面是最高級形容詞時 ex: He is the tallest boy that I have ever seen. 2.先行詞是人+物 ex: I saw Mary and her dog that were running in the park. 3.先行詞前面有序數 ex: Cathy is the first girl that came yesterday. 4.先行詞前面有all ; no ; every ; any ; the only ; the same ; the very ex: He is the only student that can answer the question. ex: All the girls that can answer the question can get candies. 5.疑問句以Who ; Which ; What為首的問句 ( 避免重複 ) ex: Who is the girl that has long hair?
◎關係代名詞that的特殊用法(一定不能用that) 1.介系詞之後 ex: Do you know the man to whom John spoke yesterday? 2.逗點之後 ex: I like the house, which is big and new.
◎關係代名詞的限定用法（關係代名詞與先行詞之間無逗點）→ 不只一個 ex: I have a brother who lives in Taipei.不只一個哥哥
◎關係代名詞的補述用法【非限定】（關係代名詞與先行詞之間有逗點）→表唯一 ex: I have a brother, who lives in Taipei.只有一個哥哥
3.不能代替所有格
◎關係副詞where ; what的用法 1. where表地方,=in which ex: This is the house where John lives. = This is the house in which John lives. = This is the house which John lives in. = This is the house John lives in. 2. what為不須先行詞之複合關係代名詞 =the thing(s) which ex: I believe what you said. = I believe the thing(s) which you said. ex: She bought what she needed last night. =She bought the things which she needed last night.
◎關係代名詞--關係副詞補充 關係副詞=先行詞+關係代名詞（有先行詞的是形容詞子句，無先行詞的是名詞子句） what = the thing(s) + which ; where = the place in which ; when = the time when ;why = the reason why ; how = the way ex: What is expensive is not always good. ex: This is where he lives. ex: This is the place where he was born. ex: I don't know when the game will start. = I don't know the time when the game will start. ex: This is why he can't come. = This is the reason why he can't come. ex: Tell me how they won the game. = Tell me the way they won the game. (how與the way不能同時出現)
◎關係代名詞--分詞片語補充 先行詞+介系詞…或 V-ing … 或 p.p. …
介系詞 + … 〈in穿；戴 / with有〉
ex: The girl who has long hair is Mike’s girlfriend. = The boy with long hair is Mike’s girlfriend.
形容詞片語分為三種： V-ing + … 〈主動〉
ex: The boy who is writing in the room likes listening to music. = The boy writing in the room likes listening to music.
p.p. + … 〈被動〉
ex: The name which is written on the seat is not clear enough. = The name written on the seat is not clear enough.
形容詞子句（Adjective Clause）
----------------------------------------------------------
在句子裡，相當形容詞作用的子句，稱為「形容詞子句」。
引導形容詞子句的附屬連接詞（關係代名詞）有：that, who, which, whose, whom,（that 可替代主格和受格的代名詞，that = who, which, whom）。
關係代名詞具有「連接詞」和「代名詞」的功能。
關係副詞：when, where, why, how，也可引導形容詞子句，唯它是當副詞用，不可在其引導的子句裡，做主詞、受詞、或形容詞。
關係代名詞引導的「形容詞子句」又叫「關係子句」，修飾其前面的「先行詞」
This is the man _____came this morning.這位就是今天早上來的人。（先行詞：人，主格用法）
He is the boy______ wrote this letter. 他就是寫這封信的男孩。（先行詞：人，主格）
Mary is a girl _______ has big eyes. 瑪莉是一個有大眼睛的女孩。（先行詞：人，主格）
Is he the student _______ wears glasses? 他是那個戴眼鏡的學生嗎？（先行詞：人，主格）
The girl who laughed hard is my sister. 那個大笑的女生是我的妹妹。（先行詞：人，主格）
The man ______ is sitting there is her brother. 那個正坐在那邊的男人，是她的哥哥。（先行詞：人，主格）
John is a boy _______ likes to play. 約翰是個喜歡玩的小孩。（先行詞：人，主格）
Heaven helps those _______ help themselves. 自助者天助。（先行詞：人，主格）
Everybody likes a child ______ is honest. 每個人都喜歡誠實的小孩。（先行詞：人，主格）
The baby ______ is sleeping is my little brother. 正在睡覺的嬰孩是我的弟弟。（先行詞：人，主格）
I heard a story ______ was very funny. 我聽過一則很有趣的故事。（先行詞：物，主格）
The dog ________ bit you is Sam’s pet. 咬你的狗是山姆的寵物。（先行詞：物，主格）
He wants a car ______ runs really fast. 他要一部真的跑得很快的車。（先行詞：物，主格）
（自我練習）
他們是住在公園旁邊的人。____________________________________________________
那個長得像Justin的男人是她的同學。__________________________________________
你認識那個正在喝咖啡的女孩嗎？_____________________________________________
她是個常常作弊的學生。______________________________________________________
我要和你高中同學約翰出去。__________________________________________________
他們不喜歡那個對他們很壞的李老師。__________________________________________
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
一定要用that的句子：
（一）最高級形容詞：He is the best student that I teach.
（二）人+動物：I saw a boy and his dog that were crossing the street.
（三）the same (the only, the very, any, all)+ 先行詞：This is the only book that I have.
You are the only boy that knows her. This is all that I know.
（四）序數：He is the first man that knows it.
（五）Who(Which)…..that….? Who is the girl that is speaking to him? Which is the
story that you like best?
What = all that = the thing(s) which :
(1)You may do what you like. = You may do all that you like.
(2)All I know is this. = All that I know is this. = What I know is this.
(3)What is mine is yours. = The things which are mine are yours.
(4)Never leave until tomorrow what you should do today.
(5)I don’t believe what you say.
依句意填入適當的關係代名詞或介係詞：
I like the girl _________ is standing at the door.
Are these the letters __________ came in this morning’s post?
This is the sweater ___________ I bought on Saturday?
The man ___________ you’re talking about is a PE teacher.
Dr. Wang, _________ lives next to me, is friendly to others.
6.The Wangs are going to sell their house _____ a beautiful garden.
7.He likes girls ______ big eyes.
8.She doesn’t like boys _______ white shoes.
文法選擇
( )1.Mary is one of the students _______good at math.(1.who is 2.that are 3.which are 4.are)
( )2.New York is a very big city___ has about ten million people.(1.where 2.that 3.in which 4.x)
( )3.Do you like to go hiking with the people________?(1.you’ve never met before 2.who you’ve never known much about them 3. which you work with 4.who is nice to you)
( )4.The girls _____ outside the theater ______ talking.(1.who stands; are 2.stand; is 3.who standing; are 4.who are standing; are)
( )5.You should read the book ______ will help you a lot. (1.who 2.what 3.that 4.in which)
( )6.Who is the girl _____ is sitting next to Mrs. Lin? (1.who 2.that 3.whom 4.which)
( )7.The posters _____ in that bookstore are very beautiful. (1.are sold 2.which sold 3.which are sold 4.selling)
( )8.The students _____ are my friends. (1.are playing basketball in the gym
2.which you met on your way home3.who is playing basketball in the gym
4.who are playing basketball in the gym.)
用關係代名詞合併句子 12%
1.
___________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3.
_________________________________________________
翻譯 36%
1. 正在騎腳踏車的那個男士是我的朋友。_____________________________________________________________________________
2. 我喜歡快又容易使用的電腦。 _____________________________________________________________________________
3. 正在開車的人不該打電話___________________________________________________________________________
4. 我們跟林先生邀請的那位女人談話。___________________________________________________________________________
5. Susan 穿著她媽媽買的毛衣_____________________________________________________________________________
6.我有教語言的軟體。 _____________________________________________________________________________
They give their children everything _____________ they want.
Tell me _____________ you want and I’ll try to get it for you.
I can only lend you ten dollars. It’s all __________ I have got.
______________ you said is true.
The place _____________ we spent our holidays in was really beautiful.
=The place ________ ____________(=__________) we spent our holidays……..
What’s the name of the man ____________ car is green?
An orphan is a child ___________ parents are dead.
I don’t know the woman __________I spoke to on the phone.
= I don’t know the woman ______ ___________I spoke on the phone.
The school is only for children ___________ first language is not English.
I went back to the town ___________ I was born in.
=I went back to the town ____ _______(=____________) I was born.
Who is the boy________ is talking to Jean?
She’s the very girl ________ can speak good English.
I know Tom, _______ is Joe’s brother.
Do you like the place __________ we live in?
=Do you like the place ______ ___________(=__________) we live?
I gave her the money__________ I had.
The chair _______ __________ my father is sitting is very expensive.
The chair __________ is strong is my brother’s.
The girl (1) __________ Mr. Lin spoke to is Helen’s sister.
=The girl (2) __________ Mr. Lin spoke to is Helen’s sister.
=The girl (3) __________Mr. Lin spoke to is Helen’s sister.
=The girl (4) _________ __________ Mr. Lin spoke is Helen’s sister.
His brother, ________ is in America, will come back next month.
Do you know the man? We talked to the man yesterday evening.
_____________________________________________________________________?
John is talking about the sport. I enjoy the sport very much.
_____________________________________________________________________.
23. I don’t like the American novels. You bought them yesterday.
_____________________________________________________________________.
The girl is Mr. Green’s daughter. Tom saw the girl in the gym.
_____________________________________________________________________.
The dictionary is very cheap. Mr. Lin gave it to you.
______________________________________________________________________.
In addition to = besides
Beside or besides
3 instead of 擺句首世介係詞片語 instead of擺句首+ving
instead 擺句尾是副詞
instead of 表否定涵義，表「代替...(而~),不...(而~)」
副詞instead表 (代替 反而 相反地)
ex:
Let's play video games INSTEAD OF watching TV.
我們來打電動 不要看電視了
INSTEAD OF cleaning the room, he went to sleep.
他並未清理房間而去睡覺
I should have studied, but I went to the movies INSTEAD.
我原本該讀書但我卻看電影
II
As adj as
Twice as adj as
2. So popular was it that the government banned the show, claiming students and workers were taking unscheduled breaks to watch it.
課文例句 So popular was it that… 為「倒裝」句型，原句為 It was so popular that…，表「如此……以致於……」之意，說明如下：
S + be V + so + Adj. + that S + V
倒裝句型：So + Adj. + be V + S + that S + V
S + 一般 V + so + Adv. + that S + V
倒裝句型：So + Adv. + 助 V + S + 原 V + that S + V
The people were so angry that they started to attack the police.
→ So angry were the people that they started to attack the police.
so 和 such 的句型可互換使用，說明如下：
Her performance was so great that we were all impressed.
= So great was her performance that we were all impressed.
= Her performance was such that we were all impressed.
= Such was her performance that we were all impressed.
2 間接問句
Ask/tell/why//wonder/doubt/see/guess/ matter whether.....or not
Ving, S+V
PP, S+V
4 Cleft sentence
It was Mark who...
It is your advice which ...
It was yesterday when...
It was at the museum where...
5 There was an elderly lady asking me for direction.
6 There has been
There used to be
** There appears to be someone knocking on the door.
There doesn't seem to be any student failing the test.
There appears to have been a big fire in the community.
7 that同位語
Ex: Ｉhad a dream that one day I can go abroad for further studies.
沒有留言:
張貼留言